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python 解析linuxtraceroute结果

最近需要调用Linux系统的traceroute命令，但是读取了结果，还要对结果进行解析，下面是代码：

def scapy_traceroute(self):
    traceroute_str = """
    traceroute to www.materialtools.com (150.109.42.16), 30 hops max, 60 byte packet                                                                                                                                                             s
     1  * * *
     2  te-2-0-6.cr2.lax2.us.zenlayer.net (192.254.81.134)  4.954 ms  4.999 ms  5.04                                                                                                                                                             9 ms
     3  192.254.84.246 (192.254.84.246)  1.569 ms  1.622 ms  1.781 ms
     4  192.254.81.31 (192.254.81.31)  0.641 ms 192.254.81.27 (192.254.81.27)  1.265                                                                                                                                                              ms  0.930 ms
     5  nextgen-multimedia.as9305.any2ix.coresite.com (206.72.210.114)  0.599 ms  0.                                                                                                                                                             584 ms  0.552 ms
     6  218.189.5.178 (218.189.5.178)  0.521 ms 218.189.5.146 (218.189.5.146)  0.450                                                                                                                                                              ms 218.189.5.141 (218.189.5.141)  0.495 ms
     7  d1-1-224-143-118-on-nets.com (118.143.224.1)  189.220 ms d1-133-224-143-118-                                                                                                                                                             on-nets.com (118.143.224.133)  189.157 ms d1-49-224-143-118-on-nets.com (118.143                                                                                                                                                             .224.49)  189.170 ms
     8  218.189.5.24 (218.189.5.24)  188.987 ms  188.792 ms  188.732 ms
     9  global.hgc.com.hk (218.189.23.194)  188.687 ms  188.442 ms  188.372 ms
    10  10.196.95.229 (10.196.95.229)  188.191 ms 10.196.95.225 (10.196.95.225)  185                                                                                                                                                             .124 ms  185.072 ms
    11  * * *
    12  * 10.200.175.218 (10.200.175.218)  189.898 ms *
    13  9.13.116.251 (9.13.116.251)  189.808 ms 9.13.118.35 (9.13.118.35)  189.729 m                                                                                                                                                             s  189.722 ms
    14  * * *
    15  * * *
    16  * * *
    17  * * *
    18  * * *
    19  * * *
    20  * * *
    21  * * *
    22  * * *
    23  * * *
    24  * * *
    25  * * *
    26  * * *
    27  * * *
    28  * * *
    29  * * *
    30  * * *
    """
    hops = self.get_hops(traceroute_str)
    self.get_formatted_hops(hops)

@staticmethod
def get_hops(traceroute):
    """
    Returns hops from traceroute output in an array of dicts each
    with hop number and the associated hosts data.
    """
    hops = []
    regex = r'^(?P<hop_num>\d+)(?P<hosts>.*?)$'
    lines = traceroute.split("\n")
    for line in lines:
        line = line.strip()
        if not line:
            continue
        try:
            hop = re.match(regex, line).groupdict()
        except AttributeError:
            continue
        hops.append(hop)
    return hops

@staticmethod
def get_formatted_hops(hops):
    """
    Hosts data from get_hops() is represented in a single string.
    We use this function to better represent the hosts data in a dict.
    """
    formatted_hops = []
    regex = r'(' \
            r'(?P<i1>[\d.]+) \((?P<h1>[\w.-]+)\)' \
            r'|' \
            r'(?P<h2>[\w.-]+) \((?P<i2>[\d.]+)\)' \
            r')' \
            r' (?P<r>\d{1,4}.\d{1,4}\s{0,1}ms)'
    for hop in hops:
        hop_num = int(hop['hop_num'].strip())
        hosts = hop['hosts'].replace("  ", " ").strip()
        # Using re.finditer(), we split the hosts, then for each host,
        # we store a tuple of hostname, IP address and the first RTT.
        hosts = re.finditer(regex, hosts)
        for host in hosts:
            hop_context = {
                'hop_num': hop_num,
                'hostname': host.group('h1') or host.group('h2'),
                'ip_address': host.group('i1') or host.group('i2'),
                'rtt': host.group('r'),
            }
            formatted_hops.append(hop_context)
    print(formatted_hops)
    return formatted_hops

执行之后的结果如下：

[{'hop_num': 2, 'hostname': 'te-2-0-6.cr2.lax2.us.zenlayer.net', 'ip_address': '192.254.81.134', 'rtt': '4.954 ms'}, {'hop_num': 3, 'hostname': '192.254.84.246', 'ip_address': '192.254.84.246', 'rtt': '1.569 ms'}, {'hop_num': 4, 'hostname': '192.254.81.31', 'ip_address': '192.254.81.31', 'rtt': '0.641 ms'}, {'hop_num': 5, 'hostname': 'nextgen-multimedia.as9305.any2ix.coresite.com', 'ip_address': '206.72.210.114', 'rtt': '0.599 ms'}, {'hop_num': 6, 'hostname': '218.189.5.178', 'ip_address': '218.189.5.178', 'rtt': '0.521 ms'}, {'hop_num': 6, 'hostname': '218.189.5.141', 'ip_address': '218.189.5.141', 'rtt': '0.495 ms'}, {'hop_num': 7, 'hostname': 'd1-1-224-143-118-on-nets.com', 'ip_address': '118.143.224.1', 'rtt': '189.220 ms'}, {'hop_num': 7, 'hostname': 'on-nets.com', 'ip_address': '118.143.224.133', 'rtt': '189.157 ms'}, {'hop_num': 8, 'hostname': '218.189.5.24', 'ip_address': '218.189.5.24', 'rtt': '188.987 ms'}, {'hop_num': 9, 'hostname': 'global.hgc.com.hk', 'ip_address': '218.189.23.194', 'rtt': '188.687 ms'}, {'hop_num': 10, 'hostname': '10.196.95.229', 'ip_address': '10.196.95.229', 'rtt': '188.191 ms'}, {'hop_num': 12, 'hostname': '10.200.175.218', 'ip_address': '10.200.175.218', 'rtt': '189.898 ms'}, {'hop_num': 13, 'hostname': '9.13.116.251', 'ip_address': '9.13.116.251', 'rtt': '189.808 ms'}]

返回一个列表之后就很好操作了。

上面解析代码来自于此处：traceroute

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